Energy management of a multi-battery system for renewable-based high power EV charging

Hybrid fast charging stations with battery storage and local renewable generation can facilitate low-carbon electric vehicle (EV) charging, while reducing the stress on distribution grid. This paper proposes an energy management system (EMS) for a novel multi-battery design that directly connects its strings to other DC components through busbar matrix without need interfacing power converters. The EMS has two primary control tasks: (i) allocating microgrid components, in this case photovoltaic (PV) system, EV chargers, grid-tie inverter, (ii) managing exchange For grid exchange, basic droop is compared enhanced introduces deadband dynamic limits, which are adjusted based PV forecasts. performance of extensively assessed by Monte Carlo simulations generating vast number random scenarios empirical data. tests performed various utilisation levels chargers (EVs/day) actual measurements from different seasons Denmark. numerical analyses show increases self-sufficiency decreases cycles. level 20 EVs/day summer, achieves 87.3% 73.8% base control. In winter, significantly lower production, these values drop 9.3% 9.1%, respectively. corresponding annual cycles estimated at 399 456 However, operates closer charge may accelerate calendar ageing.